Literature and References


Primary Literature
Turley, C.M. et al. 2005. Corals in deep-water: will the unseen hand of ocean acidification destroy cold-water ecosystems.  Coral Reefs 26: 445-448.

Sabine, C.L. et al.  2004.  The global carbon cycle: integrating humans, science, and the natural world. Scope 62: 17-44

Hoegh-Goldberg.  1999.  Climate change, coral bleaching and the future of the world’s reefs.  CIRO 50: 839-866

Bruckner, A.W. et al.  1997.  Spread of a black-band disease epizootic through the coral reef system in St. Ann’s Bay, Jamaica.  Bulletin of Marine Science 61: 919-928

Bruckner, A.W. and R.L. Hill.  2009.  Ten years of change to coral communities off Mona and Desecheo islands, Puerto Rico, from disease and bleaching.  Inter-Research Disease of Aquatic Organisms. 87: 19-31

Ostrander. G.K., et al.  1999.  Rapid transition in the structure of a coral reef community: the effects of coral bleaching and physical disturbance. PNAS 97: 5297-5302

Mydlarz, L.D., et al.  2009.  What are the physiological and immunological responses of coral to climate warming and disease.  The Journal of Experimental Biology 213: 934-945


Images and Text
McCauley, D.  2012. Hopkins marine station.  http://hopkins.stanford.edu/profiles/coral.htm

NOAA.  2012.  Ocean acidification.  http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/Ocean+Acidification

CRC reef.  2012.  Coral disease.  http://www.reef.crc.org.au/discover/coralreefs/Coraldisease.htm

Coralhub.  2009.  Corals as individuals.  http://www.coralhub.info/terms/polyp/
.
NOAA.  2008.  Pinpoint coral bleaching. 
http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/corals/media/supp_coral05a.html

Aris, M.  1993.  Sea gallery.  http://www.seasky.org/seagallery/seagallery.html

Costanzo, S. and C. Roelfsema.  2012.  Macroalgal indicators.  http://www.ozcoasts.gov.au/indicators/macroalgal_indicators.jsp

Stephens, T.  2012.  Coral reef traces indirect effect of overfishing.  http://news.ucsc.edu/2012/02/coral-reefs.html

Hanson, J. 2008.  Killer starfish eating up Great Barrier reef.  http://www.treehugger.com/natural-sciences/killer-starfish-eating-up-great-barrier-reef.html

Carrington. E.  2012.  Intertidal biomechanics.  http://faculty.washington.edu/ecarring/

Nicholas, R.  1998.  What are the causes of coral bleaching.  http://www.duke.edu/web/nicholas/bio217/aer9/causes.htm

Yale environment.  2010.  Spike in ocean temperatures causes coral bleaching off Indonesia.  http://www.matternetwork.com/2010/8/spike-ocean-temperatures-causes-coral.cfm

NOAA.  2012.  Coral bleaching.  http://www.ospo.noaa.gov/Products/ocean/cb/hotspots/1998anim.html

Lusebrink, C.  2009.  Skyline students snorkel for science.
http://www.issaquahpress.com/2009/09/01/13441/

Farlow, R.  2007.  Teen scuba divers enter scientific world.  http://www.sptimes.com/2007/07/29/Northpinellas/Teen_scuba_divers_ent.shtml

Garrison, J.  2011.  Research: coral disease.  http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/crest/research-themes/coral-disease.html

Bruckner, A.  2012.  Field guide to western Atlantic coral diseases and other causes of coral mortality.  http://www.masna.org/portals/0/NOAACoralDisease/dsd.htm

Sanchez, J.A.  2012.  Ocean conservancy.  http://act.oceanconservancy.org/site/PhotoAlbumUser?view=UserPhotoDetail&PhotoID=20040&position=22&AlbumID=7004

Bruckner, A.  2001.  Global perspective of coral disease.  http://coris.noaa.gov/activities/cdh_vision/pdfs/whitepapers_2.pdf

GMSB.  2010.  Gulf of Mexico oil spill blog runaway bay, St. Ann.  http://gulfofmexicooilspillblog.com/2010/10/05/gulf-of-mexico-oil-spill-blog-runaway-bay-st-ann-jamaica-oil-spill/

Gwenn.  2011.  Dive or snorkel at Desecheo island.  http://www.puertoricodaytrips.com/dive-desecheo-island/

Lynchburg college.  2012.  Bahamas.  http://benson-k.web.lynchburg.edu/bahamas/bahamas.html

Gwapo.  2012.  Coal ships runs aground, destroys coral reef in Philippine marine sanctuary.  http://www.sustainabilitydigest.com/2011/05/12/coal-ship-runs-aground-destroys-coral-reef-in-philippine-marine-sanctuary/

Veelen, Anel.  2007.  Chaeotodontidae-butterflyfish.  http://www.flickr.com/photos/anel/2354139948/

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